Socio-Political - Revision history

CamrynDreyer at 01:56, 24 September 2018

2018-09-24T01:56:13Z

CamrynDreyer at 01:51, 24 September 2018

2018-09-24T01:51:27Z

Wikiadmin at 18:25, 7 September 2018

2018-09-07T18:25:54Z

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	= <span style="font-size:xx-large;">Structure and Agent System: Socio-Political</span> =		= <span style="font-size:xx-large;">Structure and Agent System: Socio-Political</span> =

	{\| class="tableGrid" style="width: 100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0"		{\| class="tableGrid" style="width:100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="1"
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="width: 50%" \| <div>'''System/Subsystem'''</div>		\| style="width: 50%" \| <div>'''System/Subsystem'''</div>

Wikiadmin at 18:24, 7 September 2018

2018-09-07T18:24:12Z

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	Being electronically networked is an increasingly important aspect of human life condition. The number of networked persons (NUMNWP) is a function primarily of the growth rate in that number (NUMNWPGR). It is ultimately constrained, however, by the size of the population and by the number of connections and organizational memberships that people can have (numnwplim). The growth in networked person number slows as it approaches the ultimate limit. The model user can affect the growth pattern via a multiplier on the growth rate (numnwpgrm).		Being electronically networked is an increasingly important aspect of human life condition. The number of networked persons (NUMNWP) is a function primarily of the growth rate in that number (NUMNWPGR). It is ultimately constrained, however, by the size of the population and by the number of connections and organizational memberships that people can have (numnwplim). The growth in networked person number slows as it approaches the ultimate limit. The model user can affect the growth pattern via a multiplier on the growth rate (numnwpgrm).

	This approach was added to IFs during the TERRA project and draws on the thinking of Tom Tesch and Pol Descamps.[[File:~~Sp5~~.gif\|frame\|center~~\|444x270px~~\|Visual representation of networking]]		This approach was added to IFs during the TERRA project and draws on the thinking of Tom Tesch and Pol Descamps.

			[[File:NetworkedPersons2.gif\|frame\|center\|Visual representation of networking.]]

	== <span style="font-size:x-large;">Social Values and Cultural Evolution</span> ==		== <span style="font-size:x-large;">Social Values and Cultural Evolution</span> ==

Wikiadmin at 18:22, 7 September 2018

2018-09-07T18:22:08Z

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	*SFIMBAL (structural imbalances)		*SFIMBAL (structural imbalances)

	=== ~~'''~~Input variables needed to compute the probabilities~~'''~~ ===		=== Input variables needed to compute the probabilities ===

	{\| border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="0" style="width:576px;" align="center"		{\| border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="0" style="width:576px;" align="center"

Wikiadmin at 18:19, 7 September 2018

2018-09-07T18:19:37Z

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	:<math>Educ25Term=EDYRSAG25_{\gamma}</math>		:<math>Educ25Term=EDYRSAG25_{\gamma}</math>

	== ~~'''~~Probability of state failure from different causes~~'''~~ ==		== Probability of state failure from different causes ==

	The variables represent the probability of failure with respect to distinct conceptual groups of drivers.		The variables represent the probability of failure with respect to distinct conceptual groups of drivers.

KanishkaNarayan at 17:13, 7 September 2018

2018-09-07T17:13:13Z

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	:<math>SVDTHSSOCIETALVIOLENCETOT_{R}=(SVDTHSCONFLICTTOT_{R}+SVDTHSOTHERINTERTOT_{R}+SVDTHSPOLICSTOT_{R}		:<math>SVDTHSSOCIETALVIOLENCETOT_{R}=(SVDTHSCONFLICTTOT_{R}+SVDTHSOTHERINTERTOT_{R}+SVDTHSPOLICSTOT_{R}</math>
	+SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILTOT_{R}+SVDTHSSELFHARMTOT_{R})+ svdthsadd_{R,6}</math>
			<math>+SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILTOT_{R}+SVDTHSSELFHARMTOT_{R})+ svdthsadd_{R,6}</math>

	Since we have applied additive parameters above, we perform a recalculation of the total death rates using the total number of deaths from each category of violence.		Since we have applied additive parameters above, we perform a recalculation of the total death rates using the total number of deaths from each category of violence.

Wikiadmin at 17:06, 7 September 2018

2018-09-07T17:06:11Z

KanishkaNarayan at 00:10, 7 September 2018

2018-09-07T00:10:42Z

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	[[File:DrugModelFinalKBN.jpg\|frame\|center\|500x600px\|Drug Demand in IFs]]		[[File:DrugModelFinalKBN.jpg\|frame\|center\|500x600px\|Drug Demand in IFs]]

	= Violence =		== Violence ==

	Mortality from conflict is driven using the probability of internal war (SFINTLWARALL). Mortality from homicides and violence against women and children are driven using the youthbulge (YTHBULGE) and the GINI co-efficient (GINIDOM).   Police violence deaths are driven by homicides(SVDTHSOTHERINTERPERSON) and the Corruption index in IFs (GOVCORRUPT). Finally, mortality from self-harm is calculated using mental health deaths (which are calculated in the health model) and deaths of women and children (SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILDREN). There are user controllable parameters available in the model to increase the death rates ('''''svmulm''''') and the total number of deaths ('''''svdthsadd''''') for each of the categories of violence. Finally, the homicide index(HOMICIDEINDEX) is calculated using each of the death rates mentioned above excluding self-harm. The homicide index itself is used in computing a conflict component of the security index in IFs (GOVINDSECUR).		Mortality from conflict is driven using the probability of internal war (SFINTLWARALL). Mortality from homicides and violence against women and children are driven using the youthbulge (YTHBULGE) and the GINI co-efficient (GINIDOM).   Police violence deaths are driven by homicides(SVDTHSOTHERINTERPERSON) and the Corruption index in IFs (GOVCORRUPT). Finally, mortality from self-harm is calculated using mental health deaths (which are calculated in the health model) and deaths of women and children (SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILDREN). There are user controllable parameters available in the model to increase the death rates ('''''svmulm''''') and the total number of deaths ('''''svdthsadd''''') for each of the categories of violence. Finally, the homicide index(HOMICIDEINDEX) is calculated using each of the death rates mentioned above excluding self-harm. The homicide index itself is used in computing a conflict component of the security index in IFs (GOVINDSECUR).

KanishkaNarayan at 00:09, 7 September 2018

2018-09-07T00:09:43Z

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	In the pre-processor, each of the violence variables are initialized using death rate data from the Institute for Health and Metric Evaluation (IHME). Please note that we only forecast mortality and the model currently does not have a representation of the prevalence of violence.		In the pre-processor, each of the violence variables are initialized using death rate data from the Institute for Health and Metric Evaluation (IHME). Please note that we only forecast mortality and the model currently does not have a representation of the prevalence of violence.

	For the conflict deaths, instead of using the latest data point for initialization, we use a weighted average of conflict deaths from the previous 10 years which is then divided by 2 to generate a more realistic number for the initialization.		For the conflict deaths, instead of using the latest data point for initialization, we use a weighted average of conflict deaths from the previous 10 years which is then divided by two to generate a more realistic number for the initialization.

	Where no data is available for any particular type of violence, we use the forecast equations to fill in holes for the first year of the model.		Where no data is available for any particular type of violence, we use the forecast equations to fill in holes for the first year of the model.

	In the first year of the model, we need to make sure that the total deaths from violence matches the total deaths from intentional injuries in the health model. Hence we normalize the total violence deaths to the total intentional injuries deaths. Please note that this normalization is optional, i.e. the user can activate a switch '''''svvionormsw'''''. The normalization will also ~~get~~ activated in the event the user turns on the forward linkage switch from the violence model to the health model '''''svtohlsw'''''.		In the first year of the model, we need to make sure that the total deaths from violence matches the total deaths from intentional injuries in the health model. Hence we normalize the total violence deaths to the total intentional injuries deaths. Please note that this normalization is optional (i.e. the user can activate a switch '''''svvionormsw'''''). The normalization will also be activated in the event the user turns on the forward linkage switch from the violence model to the health model '''''svtohlsw'''''.

	For the normalization we first calculate the total deaths from intentional injuries in the health model. This term is called the AdjustedViolenceTerm. Now, we calculate the total deaths from the violence model and call this tem SVTerm. The deaths from the violence model are now normalized to the deaths from the health model using the equations below (The below equation is used for normalizing conflict deaths. Similar equations are used for the other types of violence),		For the normalization we first calculate the total deaths from intentional injuries in the health model. This term is called the AdjustedViolenceTerm. Now, we calculate the total deaths from the violence model and call this tem SVTerm. The deaths from the violence model are now normalized to the deaths from the health model using the equations below. (The below equation is used for normalizing conflict deaths. Similar equations are used for the other types of violence),


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	=== Forecast Years ===		=== Forecast Years ===

	In the forecast years ~~Estimated~~ values are calculated using forecast equations for each type of violence. The forecast equations have been explained in Table 1 below. Each of the types of violence are calculated using this estimated value and the respective shift factor calculated in the first year of the model and the multipliers on the death rates are applied.		In the forecast years estimated values are calculated using forecast equations for each type of violence. The forecast equations have been explained in Table 1 below. Each of the types of violence are calculated using this estimated value and the respective shift factor calculated in the first year of the model and the multipliers on the death rates are applied.

	The equations used are as follows,		The equations used are as follows,
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	Where,		Where,

	ConflictEst, HomicideEst, WomenandChilEst, PoliceEst and SelfHarmEst are the estimated level  deaths calculated using the forecast equations.		ConflictEst, HomicideEst, WomenandChilEst, PoliceEst and SelfHarmEst are the estimated level of deaths calculated using the forecast equations.

	ConflictShift, HomicideShift, WomenandChilShift, PoliceShift and SelfHarmShift are the shift factors calculated in the first year of the model.		ConflictShift, HomicideShift, WomenandChilShift, PoliceShift and SelfHarmShift are the shift factors calculated in the first year of the model.
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	~~ ~~After this, the total number of deaths are calculated for each category. For this purpose, we first calculate the total populations for adult males, women and children from the population model as '''AdultMaleTerm''', '''WomenTerm''' and '''ChildrenTerm''' respectively. ~~Now~~ we calculate the total number of deaths for each of the categories and apply the additive parameters on total deaths ('''''svdthsadd''''') as follows,		After this, the total number of deaths are calculated for each category. For this purpose, we first calculate the total populations for adult males, women and children from the population model as '''AdultMaleTerm''', '''WomenTerm''' and '''ChildrenTerm''' respectively. Next, we calculate the total number of deaths for each of the categories and apply the additive parameters on total deaths ('''''svdthsadd''''') as follows,

	:<math>SVDTHSOTHERINTERTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSOTHERINTERPERSON_{R}/100000)*AdultMaleTerm)+svdthsadd_{R,5}</math>		:<math>SVDTHSOTHERINTERTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSOTHERINTERPERSON_{R}/100000)*AdultMaleTerm)+svdthsadd_{R,5}</math>
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	<math>+SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILTOT_{R}+SVDTHSSELFHARMTOT_{R})+ svdthsadd_{R,6}</math>		<math>+SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILTOT_{R}+SVDTHSSELFHARMTOT_{R})+ svdthsadd_{R,6}</math>

	~~Since~~ we have applied additive parameters above, we perform a recalculation of the total death rates using the total number of deaths from each category of violence.		Because we have applied additive parameters above, we perform a recalculation of the total death rates using the total number of deaths from each category of violence.

	We now calculate the total death rate from societal violence,		We now calculate the total death rate from societal violence,

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	== Drug Model Equations ==		== Drug Model Equations ==

	We ~~are using~~ linear regressions for each of the variables described above. We ~~are fitting~~ this linear equation to logistic curves to derive the final prevalence rate. The methodology used here is similar to what is used in the water and sanitation model in the International Futures tool to compute access to water and sanitation.<ref>Rothman, D.S. and Irfan M.T, IFs infrastructure model documentation, Working Paper 2013.07.22, Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, Denver CO. https://pardee.du.edu/ifs-infrastructure-model-documentation</ref>		We use linear regressions for each of the variables described above. We fit this linear equation to logistic curves to derive the final prevalence rate. The methodology used here is similar to what is used in the water and sanitation model in the International Futures tool to compute access to water and sanitation.<ref>Rothman, D.S. and Irfan M.T, IFs infrastructure model documentation, Working Paper 2013.07.22, Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, Denver CO. https://pardee.du.edu/ifs-infrastructure-model-documentation</ref>

	The values are computed using the equations given below,		The values are computed using the equations given below,
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	The values for drug prevalence are initialized using illicit drug demand data from the UNODC. However, data availability from this source is low. Appendix II shows the data coverage across countries from the UNODC. Therefore, filling holes for the first year where no data is available is crucial. There are three options available to the user when filling holes. They are,		The values for drug prevalence are initialized using illicit drug demand data from the UNODC. However, data availability from this source is low. Appendix II shows the data coverage across countries from the UNODC. Therefore, filling holes for the first year where no data is available is crucial. There are three options available to the user when filling holes. They are,
	<ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;">		<ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;">
	<li>'''Using IHME equations to fill holes-  '''The institute for health and metric evaluation also provides data on drug prevalence and this source has much higher coverage (184 countries from 1990 to 2016). However, this data pertains to treatment of drug prevalence. We developed regression equations to estimate levels of illicit drug use from the IHME drug prevalence data set. Appendix ~~ ~~III describes these regression equations in detail.  </li>		<li>'''Using IHME equations to fill holes-  '''The institute for health and metric evaluation also provides data on drug prevalence and this source has much higher coverage (184 countries from 1990 to 2016). However, this data pertains to treatment of drug prevalence. We developed regression equations to estimate levels of illicit drug use from the IHME drug prevalence data set. Appendix III describes these regression equations in detail.  </li>
	<li>'''Using forecast year equations - '''This method uses the forecast year equations to derive the drug prevalence value for the first year of the model.</li>		<li>'''Using forecast year equations - '''This method uses the forecast year equations to derive the drug prevalence value for the first year of the model.</li>
	<li>'''Using regional averages from the UNODC- '''Alternatively, we can also use regional averages for illicit drug prevalence to fill in holes for individual countries.  </li>		<li>'''Using regional averages from the UNODC- '''Alternatively, we can also use regional averages for illicit drug prevalence to fill in holes for individual countries.  </li>
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	2.3 is the cap on drug prevalence for amphetamines. <ref>These caps have been chosen on the basis of the highest historical global prevalence rates</ref>		2.3 is the cap on drug prevalence for amphetamines. <ref>These caps have been chosen on the basis of the highest historical global prevalence rates</ref>

	'''AMIN''' is the function used to get the minimum value of drug prevalence and the cap (2.3) Since prevalence of drug usage tends to be slow moving over time, we have also capped the rate of growth of the prevalence rate for all four drug types. The growth rate in the drug prevalence rate is capped at 5 percent for every country for every year. However, this growth rate is not applicable when the parameters on drug prevalence rate are activated by a user.		'''AMIN''' is the function used to get the minimum value of drug prevalence and the cap (2.3). Since prevalence of drug usage tends to be slow moving over time, we have also capped the rate of growth of the prevalence rate for all four drug types. The growth rate in the drug prevalence rate is capped at 5 percent for every country for every year. However, this growth rate is not applicable when the parameters on drug prevalence rate are activated by a user.

	Finally, total drug use is computed as the average of the four drug types divided by a '''drugusepolyindex''' parameter which is set to 1.2. This is done to account for users who use multiple drugs.		Finally, total drug use is computed as the average of the four drug types divided by a '''drugusepolyindex''' parameter which is set to 1.2. This is done to account for users who use multiple drugs.
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	=== Adjusting Drug Use Using the Top Down Approach ===		=== Adjusting Drug Use Using the Top Down Approach ===

	The paragraph above described the computation of drug prevalence using the bottom up approach i.e. drug prevalence is computed for each drug type individually and this is used to compute total drug demand. However, another approach to computing drug demand would be to compute total drug demand first and distribute that across drug types i.e. a top down approach. The model computes total drug demand using this top down approach and then converges the drug demand computed through the bottom up approach to the same		The paragraph above described the computation of drug prevalence using the bottom up approach (i.e. drug prevalence is computed for each drug type individually and this is used to compute total drug demand). However, another approach to computing drug demand would be to compute total drug demand first and distribute that across drug types (i.e. a top down approach). The model computes total drug demand using this top down approach and then converges the drug demand computed through the bottom up approach to the same

	The top down model uses youth bulge and household consumption as the two main drivers.		The top down model uses youth bulge and household consumption as the two main drivers.
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	:<math>DruguseEst_{R}=100*\frac{(e^{(z_{druguseest} )}}{1+e^{(z_{druguseest} )}}</math>		:<math>DruguseEst_{R}=100*\frac{(e^{(z_{druguseest} )}}{1+e^{(z_{druguseest} )}}</math>

	The total drug use from the bottom up approach is converged to the above value over a period of 100 years. Note that there is a restriction on the ~~year on~~ year growth and decline rate of total drug use of 2~~ ~~%.		The total drug use from the bottom up approach is converged to the above value over a period of 100 years. Note that there is a restriction on the year growth and decline rate of total drug use of 2%.

	== Violence Model Equations ==		== Violence Model Equations ==

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	~~The most recent~~ and ~~complete socio~~-~~political model documentation is available on~~ Pardee~~'s [http~~://pardee.du.edu/~~ifs-governance-and-socio-cultural-model~~-~~documentation website]. Although the text in this interactive system is, for some IFs models, often significantly out of date, you may still find the basic description useful to you.~~		Please cite as: Hughes, Barry B., and José R. Solórzano. 2014. "IFs Governance and Socio-Cultural Model Documentation ." Working paper 2014.03.05.a. Pardee Center for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, Denver, CO. Accessed DD Month YYYY <https://pardee.du.edu/wiki/Socio-Political>

	<span>A substantial portion of the socio-political model of IFs is scattered throughout the other models. There are "policy handles" or intervention points throughout those models. For instance, in the population model, multipliers on the total fertility rate can reflect policy decisions (although they can also reflect the model user's judgment concerning social changes in the country or region, independent of policy). Patterns of regulation, subsidy, tax incidence, and provision of state services are so diffuse and complicated that we resort to looking at their aggregate consequences through various "policy handles" rather than trying to represent them explicitly.</span>		<span>A substantial portion of the socio-political model of IFs is scattered throughout the other models. There are "policy handles" or intervention points throughout those models. For instance, in the population model, multipliers on the total fertility rate can reflect policy decisions (although they can also reflect the model user's judgment concerning social changes in the country or region, independent of policy). Patterns of regulation, subsidy, tax incidence, and provision of state services are so diffuse and complicated that we resort to looking at their aggregate consequences through various "policy handles" rather than trying to represent them explicitly.</span>
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	:<math>SVDTHSCONFLICT_{R}=((ConflictEst)_{R}+ConflictShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,2} </math>		:<math>SVDTHSCONFLICT_{R}=((ConflictEst)_{R}+ConflictShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,2} </math>



	:<math>SVDTHSOTHERINTERPERSON_{R}=(HomicideEst_{R}+HomicideShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,5} </math>		:<math>SVDTHSOTHERINTERPERSON_{R}=(HomicideEst_{R}+HomicideShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,5} </math>



	:<math>SVDTHSWOMENCHILDREN_{R}=(WomenandChilEst_{R}+WomenandChilShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,4} </math>		:<math>SVDTHSWOMENCHILDREN_{R}=(WomenandChilEst_{R}+WomenandChilShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,4} </math>



	:<math>SVDTHSPOLICS_{R}=(PoliceEst_{R}+ PoliceShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,3} </math>		:<math>SVDTHSPOLICS_{R}=(PoliceEst_{R}+ PoliceShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,3} </math>



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	:<math>SVDTHSOTHERINTERTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSOTHERINTERPERSON_{R}/100000)*AdultMaleTerm)+svdthsadd_{R,5}</math>		:<math>SVDTHSOTHERINTERTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSOTHERINTERPERSON_{R}/100000)*AdultMaleTerm)+svdthsadd_{R,5}</math>



	:<math>SVDTHSPOLICSTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSPOLICS_{R}/100000)*POP_{R})+svdthsadd_{R,3}</math>		:<math>SVDTHSPOLICSTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSPOLICS_{R}/100000)*POP_{R})+svdthsadd_{R,3}</math>



	:<math>SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILDREN_{R}/100000)*(WomenTerm_{R}+ChildrenTerm_{R}))+svdthsadd_{R,3}</math>		:<math>SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILDREN_{R}/100000)*(WomenTerm_{R}+ChildrenTerm_{R}))+svdthsadd_{R,3}</math>



	:<math>SVDTHSCONFLICTTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSCONFLICT_{R}/100000)*POP_{R})+svdthsadd_{R,2}</math>		:<math>SVDTHSCONFLICTTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSCONFLICT_{R}/100000)*POP_{R})+svdthsadd_{R,2}</math>



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	After this stage, we calculate the total deaths from societal violence as a simple sum of each of the above categories,		After this stage, we calculate the total deaths from societal violence as a simple sum of each of the above categories,



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	We now calculate the total death rate from societal violence,		We now calculate the total death rate from societal violence,

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:09, 7 September 2018
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	:<math>SVDTHSCONFLICT_{R}=((ConflictEst)_{R}+ConflictShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,2} </math>		:<math>SVDTHSCONFLICT_{R}=((ConflictEst)_{R}+ConflictShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,2} </math>


	:<math>SVDTHSOTHERINTERPERSON_{R}=(HomicideEst_{R}+HomicideShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,5} </math>		:<math>SVDTHSOTHERINTERPERSON_{R}=(HomicideEst_{R}+HomicideShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,5} </math>


	:<math>SVDTHSWOMENCHILDREN_{R}=(WomenandChilEst_{R}+WomenandChilShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,4} </math>		:<math>SVDTHSWOMENCHILDREN_{R}=(WomenandChilEst_{R}+WomenandChilShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,4} </math>


	:<math>SVDTHSPOLICS_{R}=(PoliceEst_{R}+ PoliceShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,3} </math>		:<math>SVDTHSPOLICS_{R}=(PoliceEst_{R}+ PoliceShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,3} </math>


	:<math>SVDTHSSELFHARM_{R}=(SelfHarmEst_{R}+ SelfHarmShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,1} </math>		:<math>SVDTHSSELFHARM_{R}=(SelfHarmEst_{R}+ SelfHarmShift_{R})*svmulm_{R,1} </math>
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	:<math>SVDTHSOTHERINTERTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSOTHERINTERPERSON_{R}/100000)*AdultMaleTerm)+svdthsadd_{R,5}</math>		:<math>SVDTHSOTHERINTERTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSOTHERINTERPERSON_{R}/100000)*AdultMaleTerm)+svdthsadd_{R,5}</math>


	:<math>SVDTHSPOLICSTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSPOLICS_{R}/100000)*POP_{R})+svdthsadd_{R,3}</math>		:<math>SVDTHSPOLICSTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSPOLICS_{R}/100000)*POP_{R})+svdthsadd_{R,3}</math>


	:<math>SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILDREN_{R}/100000)*(WomenTerm_{R}+ChildrenTerm_{R}))+svdthsadd_{R,3}</math>		:<math>SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSWOMENANDCHILDREN_{R}/100000)*(WomenTerm_{R}+ChildrenTerm_{R}))+svdthsadd_{R,3}</math>


	:<math>SVDTHSCONFLICTTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSCONFLICT_{R}/100000)*POP_{R})+svdthsadd_{R,2}</math>		:<math>SVDTHSCONFLICTTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSCONFLICT_{R}/100000)*POP_{R})+svdthsadd_{R,2}</math>


	:<math>SVDTHSSELFHARMTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSSELFHARM_{R}/100000)*POP_{R})+svdthsadd_{R,1}</math>		:<math>SVDTHSSELFHARMTOT_{R}=(SVDTHSSELFHARM_{R}/100000)*POP_{R})+svdthsadd_{R,1}</math>

	After this stage, we calculate the total deaths from societal violence as a simple sum of each of the above categories,		After this stage, we calculate the total deaths from societal violence as a simple sum of each of the above categories,


	:<math>SVDTHSSOCIETALVIOLENCETOT_{R}=(SVDTHSCONFLICTTOT_{R}+SVDTHSOTHERINTERTOT_{R}+SVDTHSPOLICSTOT_{R}		:<math>SVDTHSSOCIETALVIOLENCETOT_{R}=(SVDTHSCONFLICTTOT_{R}+SVDTHSOTHERINTERTOT_{R}+SVDTHSPOLICSTOT_{R}
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	We now calculate the total death rate from societal violence,		We now calculate the total death rate from societal violence,


	:<math>SOCIETALVIOLENCEDEATHS_{R}=(SVDTHSSOCIETALVIOLENCETOT_{R}/POP_{R} )*100000</math>		:<math>SOCIETALVIOLENCEDEATHS_{R}=(SVDTHSSOCIETALVIOLENCETOT_{R}/POP_{R} )*100000</math>

	Finally, the homicide index is calculated using each of the above except self-harm. The contribution of each term to the homicide index can be changed using the parameter '''''svindexm'''''. Each term is set to a value of 1 in the Base Case.		Finally, the homicide index is calculated using each of the above except self-harm. The contribution of each term to the homicide index can be changed using the parameter '''''svindexm'''''. Each term is set to a value of 1 in the Base Case.



	== <span style="font-size:x-large;">Policy Equations: Government Expenditures</span> ==		== <span style="font-size:x-large;">Policy Equations: Government Expenditures</span> ==